by
英[baɪ]
美[baɪ]
- prep. 靠近;通过;被;经由;不迟于
- adv. 经过;在旁边;靠近
CET4 TEM4 考 研 CET6
详细释义
- (表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边 near
- (表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候 not later than
- (表示移动方向)从…中经过 passing through or along
- (表示方式)搭乘,通过; 抓住…; 靠,采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着 through the use or means of
- (表示原因)随…而来 as the result of
- (表示方位)偏于 inclined to one side
- (表示环境)借着…光亮 depend upon the light of
- (表示关涉)经过 passing through
- (表示程度)以…之差 with disparity of
- (表示关系)对待 treat
- (表示依据)根据 in accordance with
- (表示比率)以…幅度; 以…为单位; …比 …to the amount or degree of
- (表示累加)(一个)接着 one by one
- (表示动作者)被〔由〕; 由…创作〔演奏〕 show the name of the person who wrote a book, directed a film, made a work of art, etc.
- 在近旁 near
- 经过,走过 past
- 保留 in reserve
prep. (介词)
英英释义
Adverb:
-
so as to pass a given point;
"every hour a train goes past"
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in reserve; not for immediate use;
"started setting aside money to buy a car"
"put something by for her old age"
"has a nest egg tucked away for a rainy day"
双语例句
- 1. Doctors are complaining about being barraged by drug-company salesmen.
- 医生们抱怨他们疲于应付医药公司的销售人员。
来自柯林斯例句
- 2. He was hand-picked for this job by the Admiral.
- 他是由海军上将精心挑选出来担任这项工作的。
来自柯林斯例句
- 3. Barry had his nose put out of joint by Lucy's aloof sophistication.
- 露西的冷淡与世故使得巴里十分不快。
来自柯林斯例句
- 4. Nora was deflowered by a man who worked in a soda-water factory.
- 在汽水厂工作的一个男子夺去了诺拉的童贞。
来自柯林斯例句
- 5. You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.
- 你可以通过合理计划来提高盈利的机会。
来自柯林斯例句
- The house by the lake is a restaurant.
湖边的那座房子是家饭店。 - He entered by the back door.
他从后门进入。 - The project was viewed favorably by the committee.
那计划受到该委员会的好评。 - He let himself down slowly by means of a rope.
他用一条绳子滑下来。 - He hurried by and disappeared in the wood.
他匆匆走过去,消失在森林里。 - I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round.
我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。 - He lives near by.
他住在附近。
用作介词 (prep.)
用作副词 (adv.)
- On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。 - He keeps a dictionary by him when he's reading.
他读书时,手边总放着一本词典。 - Be here by four o'clock.
四点钟之前到这儿。 - She should be back by now.
她现在应该回来了。 - If they have a journey to make, most people prefer to go by day.
如果要旅行,大多数人喜欢在白天进行。 - They came in by the back door.
他们是由后门进来的。 - Are you to go there by bike or by bus?
你骑车还是坐车去? - You can order tickets by telephone.
你可以用电话订票。 - The money will be paid by cheque.
此款将由支票支付。 - He seized her by the arm.
他抓住她的手臂。 - Man does not live by bread alone.
人不能单靠面包生存。 - They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.
他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。 - They decided to raise the money by subscription.
他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。 - By temperament he was an artist.
从气质上看,他是一位画家。 - They always addressed each other by their Christian name.
他们总是以教名互相称呼。 - By God he's done it!
老天为证,他确实做了此事。 - I did it all by myself!
我完全是靠自己做此事的。 - The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.
由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行。 - The steamer will go west by north.
这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。 - They were playing cards by electric light.
他们正借着灯光打牌。 - I go by the house every day.
我每天都要从这栋房子经过。 - We lost the match by one goal.
我们以一分之差输了比赛。 - He deals ill by his wife.
他待妻子不好。 - It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.
以貌取人是不公正的。 - Its grant is to be cut by more than 40 percent.
其补助将削减40%以上。 - Most workmen are paid by the week.
大多数工人按周付给薪水。 - The lounge is twenty feet by fourteen.
这间起居室长20英尺,宽14英尺。 - Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.
他日复一日地投入那项工作,直到完成为止。 - He was brought up by an aunt.
他是由婶婶抚育成人的。 - Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.
它的上方挂着一幅贝丽尔创作的油画。 - We should help our brother communities by all means in our power.
我们应该尽力帮助兄弟社团。 - Oh by the way, have you heard from Bill lately?
哦,顺便问一下,你最近得到比尔的消息了吗? - She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.
她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。 - Come by for a drink after work.
下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。 - She stole the book when no one was by.
她趁旁边无人时把书偷走了。
用作介词 (prep.)
用作副词 (adv.)
用法讲解
prep. (介词)
- by在表示时间时,常与动词的一般时、将来时、完成时或将来完成时连用。作“在…时候”解时,常用于by day〔night〕短语中。
- by表示方式(除作“抓住…”解时)或原因后接名词时,名词前通常不加冠词。
- by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词; 作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。
- by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词; 作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。
- by表示累加时,前后一般用同一个名词、数词或副词,名词前不用定冠词,且不用于复数形式。
- by表示动作者的时候,常用于被动结构。
- by用于被动结构时,既可以引出施动者,也可用来表示做某事的手段。
prep. (介词)
- by, according to, from, in, on, under
-
- 这组词的共同意思是“根据”“按照”。其区别是:
- according to是这组词中最常用的一个,可指依据某人的话语、说法、指示,也可指按照某计划、法规等,可以是正式的,也可以是非正式的; by的本意是“凭借某种手段、方式”,由此引申出“依据,按照”,其宾语常为某种规则、法规、标准、习俗等; from的本意是“来源”,由此引申出“根据事物的来源判断”; in指“依据”时,仅见于与eye, opinion, view等表示观点的名词或order, sequence等表示顺序的名词连用,还见于in law, in practice, in theory等短语中; on是根据事物发生和存在所依靠的基础这一用法,由此引申为“根据,按照”,与之连用的词一般是表示忠告、规则、命令、指示、协议、建议、原理的名词; under通常指根据正式的协议、法令、条款、合同等,含有在其控制或约束之下的意味。
- by, after, at, for,from, over, through, with
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- 这两个词都可表示“按照”“根据”“依照”“依从”。其区别在于:
- 1.at多接抽象名词; 而by多接具体名词。
- 2.这两个词都有“按…计算”的意思,不过by用于英式英语; at用于美式英语。
- by, at
-
- 这两个词都可表示“按照”“根据”“依照”“依从”。其区别在于:
- 1.at多接抽象名词; 而by多接具体名词。
- 2.这两个词都有“按…计算”的意思,不过by用于英式英语; at用于美式英语。
- by, before
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- 这两个词都可表示“在…之前”。before所表示的时间不包括其宾语所指时间在内,与之连用的动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词; by所表示的时间包括宾语所指的时间在内,因而常译成“不迟于…”。
- by, beside, near, on
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- 这组词的共同意思是“靠近,在…旁边”。beside是一般用语,其宾语可以是表示任何人或事物的名词; by强调“紧贴”,其宾语可以是一般的人或事物,但更常见的是side或含有side的名词; near所指的距离要比by远得多,其宾语可是任何表示人或事物的名词; on一般表示与江〔河,湖,海〕岸或铁路线呈线状的地点相接触,含有“邻接,濒临”的意思。
- by, about, on,with
-
- 参见about条。
- by, in
-
- 这两个词都有“不迟于”的意思,但in表明的是一段时间; 而by只是用在日历上确定的时间,或者日历上的一点。
- by oneself, alone
-
- 这两者均可译为“独自地”“单独地”,其差别主要在于:
- 1.从造成“独自地”原因上说, alone可以是主动的,也可以是被动的; 而by oneself则是主动的,是主观上愿意把自己与他人隔绝开来而造成的。例如:
- 他总是单独一个人吃午饭。
- He always has his lunch alone.
- (只说明客观事实)
- He always has his lunch by himself.
- (含有愿意如此的意味)
- 2.从“独自地”性质上说, alone可以是正常的,也可以是不正常的; 而by oneself则多是反常的,或者是出乎意料的。例如:
- 他自己单独生活。
- He lives alone.
- (只说明客观事实)
- He lives by himself.
- (含有该成家却单身的反常意味)
- by, till
-
- 这两者均可与表示时间的词连用。by指动作在宾语所指的时间前发生,与非持续性动词连用; 而till则指动作或状态持续到宾语所指的时间为止,常与非持续性动词的否定形式或持续性动词连用。
常见错误
prep. (介词)
-
我是坐船到美国来的。
误 I came to America by a ship.
正 I came to America by ship.
析 by表示“乘”“坐”,后跟宾语,往往不加冠词。
他要坐6:30的火车走。误 He is leaving by 6:30 train.
正 He is leaving by the 6:30 train.
析 表示交通方式的by短语中的名词若有表示具体时间的词语修饰,须加定冠词。
词源解说
- ☆ 直接源自古英语的be or bi,意为靠近,在,经由,大约。
用作介词 (prep.)
- by accident
-
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偶然地 without any intention or planning
- by all means
-
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一定,务必must
- by analogy
-
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用类推方法by a process of reasoning between parallel cases
- by analogy with
-
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根据…类推deducing (sth) according to sth
- by any chance
-
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或许; 可能 perhaps; possibly
- by chance
-
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偶然地,意外地 by accident; accidentally; unintentionally
- by common consent
-
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公认 generally acknowledge
- by comparison
-
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比较起来when compared
- by contrast
-
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参见contrast条。
- by courtesy of
-
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蒙…的好意,蒙…提供 by the permission or generosity of sb
- by degrees
-
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一点一点地,逐渐地 gradually
- by far
-
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…得多,更,尤其 by a great amount
- by hand
-
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用手;亲自 using one's hand; in person
- by heart
-
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凭记性 by memory
- by itself
-
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独自地; 无需外力地alone; without help
- by leaps and bounds
-
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非常迅速,突飞猛进very quickly and successfully
- by means of
-
-
参见mean条。
- by mistake
-
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错误地 as a result of carelessness, forgetfulness, etc.; in error
- by no means
-
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参见mean条。
- by reason of
-
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由于because of
- by rights
-
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要是公正的话,公正地 if justice were done; in justice
- by the book
-
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按规则,依照惯例according to the rules
- by the by
-
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顺便提一句by the way
- by the same token
-
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由于同样原因,同样地in the same way
- by the way
-
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顺便地,附带说说 used to introduce a comment or question that is only indirectly related, if at all, to the main subject of conversation
- by trial and error
-
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反复试验,不断摸索by trying various solutions and learning from one's failure
- by turns
-
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轮流地; 交替地 one after the other; in rotation
- by virtue of
-
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凭借,依靠,因为,由于by means of or because of sth
- by way of
-
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意在,为了 with the intention of or for the purpose ofBy way of introduction to my subject,I'd like to tell you how I first came to be interested in it.为了引入我的话题,我想告诉你我起初是怎样对这个问题感兴趣的。
用作副词 (adv.)
- by and by
-
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不久,马上 before long; soon
- by and large
-
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总的来说 on the whole;in general
用作介词 (prep.)
动词+~
- abide by 遵守,履行
- adopt by acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过
- brush by 触到,擦及
- carry by acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过
- catch sb by surprise 使某人吃惊,使惊异,使感到意外
- characterize by 以…为特征
- clap sb by the heels 给某人上镣铐;把某人逮捕入狱
- come by (尤指通过努力)得到,获得;偶然得到
- deal by 对待
- die by one's own hand 自杀
- divide by 除
- do by 待,对待
- do by halves 做…半途而废
- do right by sb 公平地对待某人,给某人应有的评价
- drop by the wayside 半途而废,中途退出
- escape by the skin of one's teeth 死里逃生
- fall by the wayside 半途而废,中途退出
- fall together by the ears 扭打起来;争吵起来
- get by 通过障碍
- get sb by the short hairs 控制住某人,使某人就范
- get the wrong sow by the ear 弄错了人(或事),得出错误结论
- go by 从…经过
- go by default 没有,缺乏;因疏忽(或未该做的事)而致丧失
- go by the board 从外侧落出;被遗忘,被忽视;落空
- go by the book 遵照规章行事
- go by the name of 用…的名字
- go by the wayside 被撇在一边,被搁置,被抛弃
- grab time by the forelock 抓住时机
- hang by a hair 千钧一发;岌岌可危;摇摇欲坠
- hang by a thread 千钧一发,岌岌可危
- hang by the wall 被搁置不用,被打入冷宫
- hang (on) by the eyelids 千钧一发
- have a bear by the tail 遇到难以应付(或控制)的事情
- have a tiger by the tail 遇到劲敌;处境比预料的困难
- have a wolf by the ears 处于危急境地
- have sb by the short hairs 控制住某人,使某人就范
- hold by 坚持;遵守;接受;赞成
- intoxicate sb by 醉;陶醉于
- judge by 按…判断,断定,认为
- know by sight 与…只是面熟(并不熟识)
- lead sb by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走;完全控制某人
- lie by 躺在…旁边
- live by one's wits 靠耍花招(或耍小聪明)骗人过日子
- lay by 放在…旁边
- lay sb by the heels 把某人逮捕下狱;推翻某人;挫败某人
- live by 以…为生计;遵守,遵循
- lose by 因…遭受损失,因…而吃亏
- mean well by sb 对某人怀有好意
- measure another's corn by one's own bushel 以己度人
- measure another's (man's) foot by one's own last 以己度人
- miss by a mile 远远没有击中,完全离谱;遭到惨败,完全不成功
- oblige sb by 为某人效劳,帮忙
- pass by 经过,从…旁走过
- play it by ear 根据情形行动,即时应付
- profit by 得益
- pull up by the roots 连根拔起
- push by 赶上;超越
- repay...by 以…酬报,回报
- replace...by 以…替代〔置换〕
- seize time by the forelock 抓住时机
- set by 尊重,重视
- set by the ears 使争吵
- set sb by the heels 给某人上镣铐;把某人逮捕入狱
- sit by 坐在…旁边
- sit by nelly 跟别人学着做
- sth to remember sb by 供别人记住某人的东西,别人赖以记住某人的东西;让某人记住某人厉害的一顿揍
- speak by the card 说话精确
- stand by 支持或帮助;信守(诺言等)
- stand by one's side 站在某人的旁边,道义上支持某人
- stick by 忠于,对…真心;坚持,维护(原则等)
- swear by 极其信赖;凭…发誓,以…名义发誓
- take an occasion by the forelock 抓住时机
- take an opportunity by the forelock 抓住时机
- take by 抓住(某物或某人的部位)
- take...by storm 攻占,袭击;使倾倒,使神魂颠倒
- take by surprise 使吃惊,使感到意外;奇袭,使措手不及
- take sb by the short hairs 控制住某人,使某人就范
- take the bull by the horns 大胆地对付困难(或危险)
- take time by the forelock 抓住时机
- tell by 根据…判断〔推断〕
- vote by acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过
- what do you mean by...? 你说(或做…)是什么意思?你怎么胆敢…?你凭什么竟敢…
- ?
- win by a short head (赛马时)仅以一个马头的距离获胜,以极小的差别获胜,险胜
- do the handsome〔decent〕 thing by 宽厚地〔亲切地,慷慨地〕对待
- set one's eyes〔an eye〕 by 喜爱,看重
- as if by magic 立即,飞快地,快得(或好得)令人难以置信的
- by a canvas 以毫厘之差
- by a hair's breadth (以)极少的数量或极短的距离;险些,间不容发地
- by a long way 远远地,大大地
- by a neck (赛马中)以一颈之差(获胜或失利)
- by a nose 以少许之差
- by a short head (赛马)以不到一个马头的距离;以极少的量
- by a street 以悬殊(或差距),大幅度地
- by accident 偶然,意外地
- by accident of 凭机遇;靠命运
- by agency of 由于…;通过…
- by air 坐飞机
- by (all 或long)odds大大(胜过),远远(超过)
- by all accounts 据说;根据报道
- by all appearances 显然;外表上
- by all manner of means 用一切手段;好的;当然
- by all means 用一切手段;好的;当然
- by an eyelash 差点儿不,几乎不
- by analogy 用类推的方法
- by any chance 或许;可能
- by any means 用任何可能的办法,不惜任何代价,无论如何
- by any manner of means 用任何可能的办法,不惜任何代价,无论如何
- by any possibility 以任何可能的方法
- by any stretch of the imagination 尽管怎样想象,任凭如何异想天开
- by avocation 副业是
- by auction 拍卖
- by appointment 约定
- by birth 出身
- by blood 按血统
- by chance 偶然
- by choice 如果必须选择的话;凭爱好
- by coincidence 巧合
- by common consent 经一致同意
- by comparison (with) 与…比较起来;通过比较
- by contract 承包
- by contraries 与预期的相反;与逻辑相违背;相反地
- by contrast 相比之下
- by course of 按…的惯例
- by courtesy of 承蒙许可;承蒙好意
- by crack 哎呀,我的天哪
- by day 白天
- by default 因对方、他队等未出场
- by definition 根据定义;实质上
- by degrees 逐渐地
- by dint of 借…的力量,凭借;由于
- by ear 凭听觉
- by easy stages 途中有停歇地,行行歇歇地,从容不迫地
- by fair means or foul 用正当或不正当的手段,不择手段地
- by fits (and starts) 一阵一阵地;间歇地
- by force 用武力
- by force of 凭借,由于;以…手段
- by good luck 侥幸
- by goods 用货车装运
- by guess 凭猜测
- by guess and by God 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计
- by guess and by Godfrey 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计
- by guess and by gosh 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计
- by guess and by golly 凭猜测;凭直觉和约略估计
- by half 到极大程度,大大地
- by halves 部分地,不完善地;半心半意地,不太热心地
- by hand 人工的;捎来的
- by heart 熟记
- by heaven 哎呀,天哪
- by hook or by crook 用种种方法;不择手段地
- by ill luck 不巧
- by implication 含蓄地;暗示地
- by inches 差一点儿
- by instinct 凭本能
- by leaps and bounds 极其迅速地
- by lease 以租借方式
- by long chalk(s) 远远地,大大地,在很大程度上
- by main strength 以全力,靠全身力气
- by marriage 通过姻亲关系
- by means of 用…
- by mistake 弄错
- by my faith 我担保,千真万确
- by my troth 我保证
- by name 名为;名叫
- by nature 天生
- by necessity of circumstances 由于客观情况需要,为情势所迫
- by night 在夜里,趁黑夜
- by no manner of means 一点也不;决不
- by no means 一点也不;决不
- not by a long chalk 完全没有,一点也不
- not by a long shot 远不,根本不
- not by a long sight 远非;一点也不
- by number 按数字,根据号码
- by numbers 按数量上的优势
- by occasion of 因为,由于
- by one's own admission 自己所承认
- by one's own fair hand 亲手,亲自
- by one's (own) bootstrap 依靠自己的力量,自力更生地
- by one's (own) lights 按照自己的能力
- by order of 奉某人之命;按某人的命令
- by origin 按出身
- by post 邮寄
- by profession 职业是
- by rail 由铁路,用火车
- by reason of 由于,因为
- by reason that 因为,由于
- by reputation 由名声
- by repute 由名声
- by request (of) 就(…的)要求(或请求)
- by retail 零售
- by return 由最近一班回程邮递
- by return of post 由最近一班回程邮递
- by return of mail 由最近一班回程邮递
- by right of 因为,由于
- by rights 按理说;基于正当或合法的权利
- by road 由公路
- by rote 凭记忆
- by rule 按规则
- by rule and line 精确地,精密地
- by sea 由海路
- by sight 仅识其面
- by some means or other 用某种方法
- by the book 严格按规则
- by the by 顺便提一句
- by the bye 顺便提一句
- by the day 按日
- by the dozen 按打;成打的(地)
- by the ears 不和,在争吵中
- by (the) favour of 烦请…面交
- by the grace of 承蒙天恩
- by the gross 大宗地,大量地;以批发方式
- by the hands of 经由的…的手
- by the head 船头吃水比船尾深的;微醉
- by the holy poke 一定
- by the light of nature 天生的;自然而然地
- by the job 按每件工作
- by the look(s) of 照…看来
- by the name of 称作;叫做
- by the numbers 按口令
- by the piece 按件(或个等)计算
- by the same token 同样地;同理
- by the sea 在海边,在海滨
- by the seat of one's pants 凭感觉,凭本能,凭经验
- by the side of 在…旁边,在…附近
- by the skin of one's teeth 仅;刚刚
- by the square 精确地,确切地
- by the stern 艉部吃水较深地,后倾地
- by the sweat of one's brow 靠自己辛勤劳动
- by the sweat of one's face 靠自己辛勤劳动
- by the way 在路上,顺便问一下
- by the yard 冗长地,没完没了地
- by thumb 以免费搭车方式
- by trade 职业是
- by trial and error 反复试验,不断摸索
- by turns 轮流
- by virtue of 凭借
- by vocation 职业是
- by water 乘船,由水路
- by way of 经由
- by weight 按重量,根据重量
- by wholesale 批发
- by wire 用电报
- by word of mouth 口头上
- by your leave 请允许我;对不起
- not by any means 决不
- not by any manner of means 决不
- too...by half 太…,过于…
- bit by bit 一点一点地
- day by day 一天一天地;逐日
- drop by drop 点点滴滴地,一点一滴地
- inch by inch 慢慢的;逐步地;一点一点地
- side by side 肩并肩地,一起;等同于
- stage by stage 逐步地,循序渐进地
- step by step 逐步
- stone by stone 一点一滴地
- year by year 年复一年
- hard by 在…近旁
- little by little 一点一滴地
- by itself 自动地;孤单地
- by myself 我独自地;我独立地
- by oneself 单独;独自
- by ourselves 我们独自地;我们独立地
- by yourself 你单独地,独自地;你独立地,全靠你自己
- by ones and twos 一次一两个,三三两两地
- by the hundred 成百地,数以百计地,大批大批地
- by (the) hundreds 成百地,数以百计地,大批大批地
- by the thousand 成千地,数以千计地,大批大批地
- by (the) thousands 成千地,数以千计地,大批大批地
- by twos and threes 三三两两地
- one by one 一个一个地
- two by two 两个两个地
用作副词 (adv.)
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